Michael Jackson
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For other persons named Michael Jackson, see Michael Jackson (disambiguation).
Michael Jackson


At the White House in 1990
Background information
Birth name Michael Joseph Jackson
Born August 29, 1958(1958-08-29)
Gary, Indiana, United States
Died June 25, 2009 (aged 50)
Holmby Hills, Los Angeles, California, United States
Genre(s) Pop, R&B, rock, soul
Occupation(s) Singer-songwriter, record producer, musical arranger, dancer, choreographer, actor, author, businessman, financier, philanthropist, inventor
Instrument(s) Vocals
Years active 1964–2009
Label(s) Motown, Epic
Associated acts The Jackson 5/The Jacksons
Website MichaelJackson.com
Michael Joseph Jackson (August 29, 1958 – June 25, 2009) was an American recording artist, entertainer and businessman. The seventh child of the Jackson family, he made his debut as an entertainer in 1968 as a member of The Jackson 5. He then began a solo career in 1971 while still a member of the group, and that successful career led to him being dubbed the "King of Pop"[1] in subsequent years. Jackson's 1982 album Thriller remains the world's best-selling album of all time,[2] and four of his other solo studio albums are among the world's best-selling records: Off the uithangbord (1979), Bad (1987), Dangerous (1991) and HIStory (1995).

In the early 1980s, he became a dominant figure in American populair muziek and culture. He was the first African American entertainer to amass a strong crossover following on MTV. The popularity of his muziek videos airing on MTV, such as "Beat It", "Billie Jean" and "Thriller"—widely credited with transforming the muziek video from a promotional tool into an art form—helped bring the relatively new channel to fame. videos such as "Black of White" and "Scream" made Jackson an enduring staple on MTV in the 1990s. With stage performances and muziek videos, Jackson popularized a number of physically complicated dance techniques, such as the robot and the moonwalk. His distinctive musical sound and vocal style influenced many hip hop, pop muziek and contemporary R&B artists across several generations.

Jackson donated and raised millions of dollars for beneficial causes through his Heal the World Foundation, charity singles, and support of 39 charities. Other aspects of his personal life, including his often changing appearances and eccentric behavior, generated significant controversy that damaged his public image. Though he was accused of child sexual abuse in 1993, the criminal investigation was closed due to lack of evidence and Jackson was not charged. The singer had experienced health concerns since the early 1990s along with conflicting reports regarding the state of his finances since the late 1990s. Jackson married twice and fathered three children, actions which caused further controversy. In 2005, during People v. Jackson, Jackson was tried and acquitted of different sexual abuse allegations and several other charges.

One of the few artists to have been inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame twice, his other achievements include multiple guinness World Records—including one for "Most Successful Entertainer of All Time"—thirteen Grammy Awards, thirteen number one singles in his solo career, and the sale of 750 million records worldwide.[3] At the time of his death, Jackson was preparing for This Is It, a series of 50 concerts that would have been held at The O2 arena in London, beginning July 13, 2009.[4]

Contents [hide]
1 Life and career
1.1 1958–75: Early life and The Jackson 5
1.2 1975–81: verplaats to Epic and Off the uithangbord
1.3 1982–85: Thriller, Motown 25, We Are the World and business career
1.4 1986–90: Tabloids, appearance, Bad, autobiography and films
1.5 1991–93: Dangerous and Super Bowl XXVII
1.6 1993–94: First marriage
1.7 1995–99: HIStory, seconde marriage and fatherhood
1.8 2000–02: Label dispute, Invincible and third child
1.9 2003–07: Documentary, trial and business ventures
1.10 2008–09: Thriller 25 and a planned return to live performance
1.11 2009: Death
2 Musical style and performance
2.1 Themes and genres
2.2 Vocal style
2.3 muziek videos and choreography
3 Legacy and influence
4 Discography



Life and career

1958–75: Early life and The Jackson 5
Michael Joseph Jackson was born August 29, 1958 in Gary, Indiana, an industrial suburb of Chicago.[5] The son of African-American parents Joseph Walter "Joe" Jackson and Katherine Esther Scruse,[5] he was the seventh of nine children. His siblings are Rebbie, Jackie, Tito, Jermaine, La Toya, Marlon, Randy and Janet.[5] Joseph Jackson was a steel mill employee who often performed in an R&B band called The Falcons with his brother Luther. Jackson was raised as a Jehovah's Witness door his devout mother.[5] Joseph Jackson has an additional daughter named Joh Vonnie Jackson who is actually the youngest sibling of Michael Jackson. The family lived at 2300 Jackson St., near Roosevelt Park; Michael often reflected that he wanted to play with neighborhood children but was rarely allowed because of the incessant rehearsals demanded door his father.[citation needed]

Jackson stated that he was physically and emotionally abused door his father from a young age, enduring incessant rehearsals, whippings and name-calling. However, he also credited his father's strict discipline as playing a large part in his success.[6][7] In one altercation—later recalled door Marlon Jackson—Joseph held Michael upside down door one leg and "pummeled him over and over again with his hand, hitting him on his back and buttocks".[8] Joseph would also trip of push his male children into walls. One night while Jackson was asleep, Joseph climbed into his room through the bedroom window. Wearing a fright mask, he entered the room screaming and shouting. Joseph zei he wanted to teach his children not to leave the window open when they went to sleep. For years afterwards, Jackson zei he suffered nightmares about being kidnapped from his bedroom.[8] In 2003, Joseph admitted to the BBC that he had whipped Jackson as a child.[9]

Jackson first spoke openly about his childhood abuse in a 1993 interview with Oprah Winfrey. He zei that during his childhood he often cried from loneliness and would sometimes start to vomit upon seeing his father.[10][11][12][13] In Jackson's other high profiel interview, Living with Michael Jackson (2003), the singer covered his face with his hand and began crying when talking about his childhood abuse.[8] Jackson recalled that Joseph sat in a chair with a riem in his hand as he and his siblings rehearsed and that "if u didn't do it the right way, he would tear u up, really get you".[14]

Jackson showed musical talent early in his life, performing in front of classmates and others during a Christmas recital at the age of five.[5] In 1964, Jackson and Marlon joined the Jackson Brothers—a band formed door brothers Jackie, Tito and Jermaine—as backup musicians playing congas and tambourine, respectively. Jackson later began performing backup vocals and dancing; at the age of eight, he and Jermaine assumed lead vocals, and the group's name was changed to The Jackson 5.[5] The band toured the Midwest extensively from 1966 to 1968. The band frequently performed at a string of black clubs and venues collectively known as the "chitlin' circuit", where they often opened for stripteases and other adult acts. In 1966, they won a major local talent toon with renditions of Motown hits and James Brown's "I Got u (I Feel Good)", led door Michael.[15]

The Jackson 5 recorded several songs, including "Big Boy", for the local record label Steeltown in 1967 and signed with Motown Records in 1968.[5] Rolling Stone magazine later described the young Michael as "a prodigy" with "overwhelming musical gifts", noting that Michael "quickly emerged as the main draw and lead singer" after he began to dance and sing with his brothers.[16] The group set a chart record when its first four singles ("I Want u Back", "ABC", "The Love u Save" and "I'll Be There") peaked at number one on the Billboard Hot 100.[5] During The Jackson 5's early years, Motown's public relations team claimed that Jackson was nine years old—two years younger than he actually was—to make him appear cuter and meer accessible to the mainstream audience.[17] Starting in 1972, Jackson released a total of four solo studio albums with Motown, among them Got to Be There and Ben. These were released as part of the Jackson 5 franchise, and produced successful singles such as "Got to Be There", "Ben" and a remake of Bobby Day's "Rockin' Robin". The group's sales began declining in 1973, and the band members chafed under Motown's strict refusal to allow them creative control of input.[18] Although the group scored several top, boven 40 hits, including the top, boven 5 disco single "Dancing Machine" and the top, boven 20 hit "I Am Love", the Jackson 5 left Motown in 1975.[18]


1975–81: verplaats to Epic and Off the Wall
The Jackson 5 signed a new contract with CBS Records in June 1975, joining the Philadelphia International Records division, later Epic Records.[18] As a result of legal proceedings, the group was renamed The Jacksons.[19] After the name change, the band continued to tour internationally, releasing six meer albums between 1976 and 1984. From 1976 to 1984, Michael Jackson was the lead songwriter of the group, writing hits such as "Shake Your Body (Down to the Ground)", "This Place Hotel" and "Can u Feel It".[15] The Jacksons had a prime-time TV variety toon on CBS, The Jacksons, from 1976 to 1977.

In 1978, Jackson starred as Scarecrow in the musical The Wiz.[20] The musical scores were arranged door Quincy Jones, who formed a partnership with Jackson during the film's production and agreed to produce the singer's volgende solo album, Off the Wall.[21] In 1979, Jackson broke his nose during a complex dance routine. His subsequent rhinoplasty surgery was not a complete success; he complained of breathing difficulties that would affect his career. He was referred to Dr. Steven Hoefflin, who performed Jackson's seconde rhinoplasty and other subsequent operations.[22]

Jones and Jackson jointly produced Off the Wall. Songwriters included Jackson, Heatwave's Rod Temperton, Stevie Wonder and Paul McCartney. Released in 1979, it was the first album to generate four U.S. top, boven 10 hits, including the chart-topping singles "Don't Stop 'Til u Get Enough" and "Rock with You".[23] Off the uithangbord reached number three on the Billboard 200 and has since been certified for 7 million shipments in the U.S. and eventually sold over 20 million copies worldwide.[24][25] In 1980, Jackson won three awards at the American muziek Awards for his solo efforts: favoriete Soul/R&B Album, favoriete Male Soul/R&B Artist and favoriete Soul/R&B Single for "Don't Stop 'Til u Get Enough".[23] That year, he also won Billboard muziek Awards for top, boven Black Artist and top, boven Black Album and a Grammy Award for Best Male R&B Vocal Performance (for "Don't Stop 'Til u Get Enough").[23] Despite its commercial success, Jackson felt Off the uithangbord should have made a much bigger impact, and was determined to exceed expectations with his volgende release.[26] In 1980, Jackson secured the highest royalty rate in the muziek industry: 37% of wholesale album profit.[27]


1982–85: Thriller, Motown 25, We Are the World and business career
After Jackson's early 1982 contribution, "Someone In the Dark", to the film E.T. the Extra-Terrestrial, which won him a Grammy for Best Album for Children,[28] Epic issued his seconde album, Thriller. In what would turn out to be the apex of his career, the album remained in the top, boven 10 of the Billboard 200 for 80 consecutive weeks, 37 at the peak. Seven singles from Thriller concurrently hit the Billboard Hot 100 top, boven 10, including "Billie Jean", "Beat It" and "Wanna Be Startin' Somethin'".[29] Thriller went on to sell upwards of 109 million copies, making it the best-selling album of all time,[2][30][31][32] causing Jackson biographer J. Randy Taraborrelli to muse that "at some point, Thriller stopped selling like a leisure item — like a magazine, a toy, tickets to a hit movie — and started selling like a household staple."[33]

The period of Thriller was an extraordinarily lucrative one for Jackson, whose lawyer John Branca had negotiated what he boasted then as the highest royalty rate ever in the muziek industry, approximately $2 per album. Meanwhile, Jackson raked in profits from The Making of Michael Jackson's Thriller, a documentary door Jackson and John Landis which quickly sold over 350,000 copies. In addition, he began profiting from his image in earnest, as Michael Jackson dolls and other novelties hit the market.[34]



Jackson debuts the moonwalk during his performance on Motown 25Beyond its record-breaking success among fans, Thriller instituted multiple changes within the muziek industry. First, it raised the importance of albums, while challenging notions about how many prospective hits an album should contain.[35] Second, it restored to the industry a sense of confidence in its ability to release high-level artistry during a time when profits had been sinking due to what one industry analyst called "the ruins of punk and the chic regions of synthesizer pop".[34] Third, it helped bring MTV into its heyday, even as MTV helped fuel Thriller's success. Fourth, Thriller paved the way for other well-profitable acts such as Prince.[36] The New York Times later zei Jackson was a one-man rescue team for the muziek business.[37] At its 25th anniversary, Thriller retained important influence over the muziek industry, artists, and American culture.[33]

On March 25, 1983, he performed live on the Motown 25: Yesterday, Today, Forever televisie special, both with The Jackson 5 and on his own singing "Billie Jean". Debuting his signature dance move—the moonwalk—his performances during the event were seen door 47 million viewers during its initial airing, and drew comparisons to Elvis Presley's and The Beatles' appearances on The Ed Sullivan Show.[38] The New York Times said, "The moonwalk that he made famous is an apt metaphor for his dance style. How does he do it? As a technician, he is a great illusionist, a genuine mime. His ability to keep one leg straight as he glides while the other bends and seems to walk requires perfect timing".[39]

Jackson suffered a setback on January 27, 1984. While filming a Pepsi Cola commercial at the Shrine Auditorium in Los Angeles, he suffered seconde degree burns to his scalp after pyrotechnics accidentally set his hair on fire. Happening in front of a full house of fans during a simulated concert, the incident was the subject of heavy media scrutiny and elicited an outpouring of sympathy.[40] PepsiCo settled a lawsuit out of court, and Jackson gave his $1.5 million settlement to the Brotman Medical Center in Culver City, California, where he had been treated, allowing the hospital to acquire the best available technology for treating severe burns; Brotman subsequently renamed its burn ward "Michael Jackson Burn Center" in his honor.[40] Jackson had his third rhinoplasty shortly afterwards and grew self conscious about his appearance.[22]


Jackson at the White House South portiek, portico with President Ronald Reagan and first lady Nancy Reagan, 1984On May 14, 1984, Jackson was invited to the White House to receive an award presented door U.S. President Ronald Reagan. The award was gegeven for his support of charities that helped people overcome alcohol and drug abuse.[41] He won eight awards during the 1984 Grammys. Unlike later albums, Thriller did not have an official tour to promote it, but the 1984 Victory Tour, headlined door The Jacksons, showcased much of his new solo material to meer than two million Americans.[42] He donated his $5 million share from the Victory Tour to charity.[43]

Jackson co-wrote the charity single "We Are the World" with Lionel Richie, which was released worldwide to aid the poor in Africa and the US. He was one of 39 muziek beroemdheden who performed on the record. The single became one of the best-selling singles of all time, with nearly 20 million copies sold and millions of dollars donated to famine relief.[44]

While working with Paul McCartney on the two hit singles "The Girl Is Mine" and "Say Say Say", the pair became friendly, occasionally visiting one another. In one discussion, McCartney told Jackson about the millions of dollars he had made from muziek catalogs; he was earning approximately $40 million a jaar from other people's songs. Jackson then began a business career buying, selling and distributing publishing rights to muziek from numerous artists. Shortly afterwards, ATV Songs—a muziek catalogue holding thousands of songs, including most of the songs written door Lennon-McCartney between 1963–1973—was put up for sale.[45][46]

Jackson took immediate interest in the catalog but was warned that he would face strong competition. Excited, he skipped around saying, "I don't care. I want those songs. Get me those songs Branca [his attorney]". Branca then contacted the attorney of McCartney, who clarified that his client was not interested in bidding; "It's too pricey". After Jackson had started negotiations, McCartney changed his mind and tried to persuade Yoko Ono to kom bij him in a joint bid, she declined, so he pulled out. Jackson eventually beat the rest of the competition in negotiations that lasted 10 months, purchasing the catalog for $47.5 million. When McCartney found out he said, "I think it's dodgy to do things like that. To be someone's friend and then buy the rug they're standing on". [45][47]


1986–90: Tabloids, appearance, Bad, autobiography and films
See also: Michael Jackson's health and appearance
In 1986, the National Enquirer published a series of photographs of Jackson lying in a hyperbaric oxygen chamber,[48] claiming that he slept in the chamber to slow the aging process. Although the photographs were genuine, the claims were untrue; Jackson had disseminated the fabricated story himself.[dubious – discuss] The singer was promoting his upcoming film Captain EO and wanted to promote a science fiction image of himself.[49] Jackson had a fourth rhinoplasty and, wanting masculine features, had a cleft put in his chin.[22] Then he starred in the Francis Ford Coppola-directed 3-D film Captain EO. It was the most expensive film produced on a per-minute basis at the time, and was later hosted in Disney theme parks. Disneyland featured the film in its Tomorrowland area for nearly 11 years, while Walt Disney World screened the film in its Epcot theme park from 1986 to 1994.[50]

When Jackson bought a pet chimpanzee called Bubbles, it was reported as an example of increasing detachment from reality.[51] In 2003, the singer claimed that Bubbles had been trained to use the toilet and to clean his own bedroom.[48] Later, it was reported that Jackson bought the bones of The olifant Man.[48] Although untrue, it was a story that Jackson again disseminated to the tabloid press.[49][dubious – discuss] These stories inspired the pejorative nickname "Wacko Jacko", which Jackson acquired the following year. He would eventually come to despise the nickname. Realizing his mistake, he stopped leaking untruths to the press. However due to the profit being made, the media began making up their own stories.[48][52]


Jackson in 1988, two years after he was diagnosed with vitiligo, here in the early stages of the diseaseJackson's skin was a medium-brown color for the entire duration of his youth, but starting in the early 1980s, his skin gradually grew paler. This change gained widespread media coverage, including rumors that Jackson was bleaching his skin.[10] In the mid-1980s, Jackson was diagnosed with vitiligo and lupus; the latter was in remission in Jackson's case, and both illnesses made him sensitive to sunlight. The treatments he used for his condition further lightened his skin tone, and, with the application of pancake makeup to even out blotches, he could appear very pale.[53] The structure of his face changed as well; several surgeons have speculated that Jackson had undergone multiple nasal surgeries, a forehead lift, thinned lips and a cheekbone surgery.[54] Changes to his face were, in part, due to periods of significant weight loss.[19] Jackson lost weight in the early 1980s because of a change in diet and a desire for "a dancer's body".[55] Witnesses reported that Jackson was often dizzy and speculated that he was suffering from anorexia nervosa; periods of weight loss would become a recurring problem for the singer later in life.[56] Some medical professionals have publicly stated their belief that the singer had body dysmorphic disorder, a psychological condition whereby the sufferer has no concept of how he is perceived door others.[53]

Why not just tell people I'm an alien from Mars. Tell them I eat live chickens and do a voodoo dance at midnight. They'll believe anything u say, because you're a reporter. But if I, Michael Jackson, were to say, "I'm an alien from Mars and I eat live chickens and do a voodoo dance at midnight," people would say, "Oh, man, that Michael Jackson is nuts. He's cracked up. u can't believe a damn word that comes out of his mouth."

—Michael Jackson[57]
With the industry expecting another major hit, Jackson's first album in five years, Bad (1987), was highly anticipated.[58] Bad had lower sales than Thriller, but was still a substantial commercial success. In the US, it spawned seven hit singles, five of which ("I Just Can't Stop Loving You", "Bad", "The Way u Make Me Feel", "Man in the Mirror" and "Dirty Diana") reached number one on the Billboard Hot 100 charts, meer than any other album.[59] As of 2008, the album sold 30 million copies worldwide, including eight million shipments in the US.[25][60]


Jackson wore a gold-plated military style jas with riem in the Bad era.The Bad World Tour began on September 12, 1987, and finished on January 14, 1989.[61] In Japan alone, the tour had 14 sellouts and drew 570,000 people, nearly tripling the vorige record of 200,000 in a single tour.[62] Jackson broke a guinness World Record when 504,000 people attended seven sold-out shows at Wembley Stadium. He performed a total of 123 concerts to a total audience of 4.4 million people, and gained a further guinness World Record when the tour grossed him $125 million. During the trip he invited underprivileged children to watch for free and gave donations to hospitals, orphanages and other charities.[61]

In 1988, Jackson released his first autobiography, Moon Walk, which took four years to complete and sold 200,000 copies.[63] Jackson told of his childhood, his experience in The Jackson 5 and the abuse he suffered as a child.[64] He also spoke of his plastic surgery, saying he had two rhinoplastic surgeries and the surgical creation of a cleft in his chin.[55] In the book, he attributed the change in the structure of his face to puberty, weight loss, a strict vegetarian diet, a change in hair style and stage lighting.[55] Moon Walk reached the top, boven position on The New York Times best sellers' list.[65] The musician then released a film called Moonwalker, which featured live footage, muziek videos, and a feature film that starred Jackson and Joe Pesci. Moonwalker debuted atop the Billboard top, boven muziek Video Cassette chart, staying there for 22 weeks. It was eventually knocked off the top, boven spot door Michael Jackson: The Legend Continues.[66]

In March 1988, Jackson purchased land near Santa Ynez, California to build Neverland Ranch at a cost of $17 million. The 2,700-acre (11 km2) property had Ferris wheels, a menagerie, and a movie theater. A security staff of 40 patrolled the grounds. In 2003, the property was valued at approximately $100 million.[16][67] In 1989, his annual earnings from album sales, endorsements, and concerts was estimated at $125 million for that jaar alone.[68] Shortly afterwards, Jackson became the first Westerner to appear in a televisie ad in the Soviet Union.[66]

Jackson's success resulted in his being dubbed the "King of Pop", a nickname conceived door actress and friend Elizabeth Taylor when she presented Jackson with an "Artist of the Decade" award in 1989, proclaiming him "the true king of pop, rock and soul".[69][70] President George H. W. struik, bush presented the singer with The White House's special "Artist of the Decade" award in recognition of Jackson's musical influence in the 1980s; struik, bush commended Jackson for acquiring a "tremendous following" among other achievements.[71] From 1985 to 1990, Jackson donated $500,000 to the United Negro College Fund, and all of the profits from his single "Man in the Mirror" went to charity.[72][73] Jackson's live rendition of "You Were There" at Sammy Davis Jr.'s 60th birthday celebration received an Emmy nomination.[66]


1991–93: Dangerous and Super Bowl XXVII
In March 1991, Jackson renewed his contract with Sony for $65 million; a record breaking deal at the time, displacing Neil Diamond's renewal contract with Columbia Records.[67] Jackson released his eighth album Dangerous in 1991. As of 2008, Dangerous has shipped 7 million copies in the U.S. and has sold 32 million copies worldwide; it is the most successful new jack schommel, swing album of all time.[25][74][75] In the US, the album's first single "Black of White" was the album's biggest hit, reaching number one on the Billboard Hot 100 and remaining there for seven weeks, with similar chart performances worldwide.[76] The album's seconde single "Remember the Time" spent eight weeks in the top, boven five in the US, peaking at number three on the Billboard Hot 100 singles chart.[12] In 1993, Jackson performed the song at the Soul Train Awards in a wheelchair, saying he had suffered an injury in rehearsals.[77] In the UK and other parts of Europe, "Heal the World" was the biggest hit from the album; it sold 450,000 copies in the UK and spent five weeks at number two in 1992.[12]

Jackson founded the "Heal the World Foundation" in 1992. The charity organization brought underprivileged children to Jackson's ranch, to go on theme park rides that Jackson had built on the property after he purchased it. The foundation also sent millions of dollars around the globe to help children threatened door war and disease. The Dangerous World Tour began on June 27, 1992, and finished on November 11, 1993. Jackson performed to 3.5 million people in 67 concerts. All profits from the concerts went to the "Heal the World Foundation", raising millions of dollars in relief.[12][78] He sold the broadcast rights to his Dangerous world tour to HBO for $20 million, a record-breaking deal that still stands.[79] Following the illness and death of Ryan White, Jackson helped draw public attention to HIV/AIDS, something that was still controversial at the time. He publicly pleaded with the Clinton Administration at Bill Clinton's Inaugural Gala to give meer money to HIV/AIDS charities and research.[80][81]

In a high-profile visit to Africa, Jackson visited several countries, among them Gabon and Egypt.[82] His first stop to Gabon was greeted with a sizable reception of meer than 100,000 people in "spiritual bedlam", some of them carrying signs that read, "Welcome home pagina Michael".[82] In his trip to the Ivory Coast, Jackson was crowned "King Sani" door a tribal chief.[82] He then thanked the dignitaries in French and English, signed official documents formalizing his kingship and sat on a golden troon while presiding over ceremonial dances.[82]

One of Jackson's most acclaimed performances came during the halftime toon at Super Bowl XXVII. As the performances began, Jackson was catapulted onto the stage as fireworks went off behind him. As he landed on the canvass, he maintained a motionless "clenched fist, standing statue stance", dressed in a goud and black military outfit and sunglasses; he remained completely motionless for several minuten while the crowd cheered. He then slowly removed his sunglasses, threw them away and began to sing and dance. His routine included four songs: "Jam", "Billie Jean", "Black of White" and "Heal the World". It was the first Super Bowl where the audience figures increased during the half-time show, and was viewed door 135 million Americans alone; Jackson's Dangerous album rose 90 places up the album chart.[10]

Jackson was gegeven the "Living Legend Award" at the 35th Annual Grammy Awards in Los Angeles. "Black of White" was Grammy nominated for best vocal performance. "Jam" gained two nominations: Best R&B Vocal Performance and Best R&B Song.[12]


1993–94: First marriage
Jackson gave a 90-minute interview with Oprah Winfrey in February 1993, his first televisie interview since 1979. He grimaced when speaking of his childhood abuse at the hands of his father; he believed he had missed out on much of his childhood years, admitting that he often cried from loneliness. He denied vorige tabloid rumors that he bought the bones of the olifant Man of slept in a hyperbaric oxygen chamber. The entertainer went on to dispel suggestions that he bleached his skin, stating for the first time that he had vitiligo. The interview was watched door an American audience of 90 million, becoming the fourth meest bekeken non-sport program in U.S. history. It also increased awareness of vitiligo, a relatively unknown condition before then. Dangerous re-entered the album chart in the top, boven 10, meer than a jaar after its original release.[10][11][12]

Jackson began taking painkillers, Valium and Ativan to help him cope with chronic pain a consequence to an accident involving the collapse of stage rigging during the Dangerous Tour and for joint inflammation from Lupus. Jackson started taking Xanax for panic attacks and stress stemming from the allegations made against him. door the fall of 1993, Jackson was addicted to the drugs.[88] His health deteriorated to the extent that he canceled the remainder of the Dangerous World Tour and went into drug rehabilitation for a few months.[89] The stress of the allegations also caused Jackson to stop eating, and he lost a significant amount of weight.[90] With his health in decline, Jackson's vrienden and legal advisers took over his defense and finances; they called on him to settle the allegations out of court, believing that he could not endure a lengthy trial.[89][90]

Tabloid reaction to the allegations put Jackson in an unfavorable light.[91] Complaints about the coverage and media included everything from bias against Jackson, accepting stories of alleged criminal activity for money to accepting confidential leaked material from the police investigation in return for money paidIn May 1994, Jackson married singer-songwriter Lisa Marie Presley, the daughter of Elvis Presley. They had first met in 1975 during one of Jackson's family engagements at the MGM Grand Hotel and Casino, and were reconnected through a mutual friend in early 1993.[91] They stayed in contact every dag over the telephone. As child molestation accusations became public, Jackson became dependent on Lisa Marie for emotional support; she was concerned about his faltering health and addiction to drugs.[88] Lisa Marie explained, "I believed he didn't do anything wrong and that he was wrongly accused and yes I started falling for him. I wanted to save him. I felt that I could do it."[94] In a phone call he made to her, she described him as high, incoherent and delusional.[88] Shortly afterwards, she tried to persuade Jackson to settle the allegations out of court and go into rehabilitation to recover—he subsequently did both.[88] Jackson proposed to Lisa Marie over the telephone towards the fall of 1993, saying, "If I asked u to marry me, would u do it?".[88] Presley and Jackson married in the Dominican Republic in secrecy; the parties denied they had been married for nearly two months.[95] The marriage was, in her words, "a married couple's life ... that was sexually active".[96]Jackson and Presley divorced less than two years later, remaining friendly.[97]


1995–99: HIStory, seconde marriage and fatherhood

One of many identical statues, positioned throughout Europe to promote HIStory. The statue illustrates the singer's flamboyant clothing and hair style, influenced door military imagery.In 1995, Jackson merged his Northern Songs catalog with Sony's publishing division creating Sony/ATV muziek Publishing. Jackson retained half-ownership of the company, earned $95 million upfront as well as the rights to even meer songs.[46][98] He then released the double album HIStory: Past, Present and Future, Book I. The first disc, HIStory Begins, was a 15-track greatest hits album, and was later reissued as Greatest Hits – HIStory Vol. I in 2001, while the seconde disc, HIStory Continues, contained 15 new songs. The album debuted at number one on the charts and has been certified for seven million shipments in the US.[99] It is the best-selling multiple-disc album of all-time, with 20 million copies (40 million units) sold worldwide.[76][100] HIStory received a Grammy nomination for best album.[101]

The first single released from the album was the double A-side "Scream/Childhood". "Scream" was a duet, performed with Jackson's youngest sister Janet. The single had the highest debut on the Billboard Hot 100 at number five, and received a Grammy nomination for "Best Pop Collaboration with Vocals".[101] "You Are Not Alone" was the seconde single released from HIStory; it holds the guinness World Record for the first song ever to debut at number one on the Billboard Hot 100 chart.[68] It was seen as a major artistic and commercial success, receiving a Grammy nomination for "Best Pop Vocal Performance".[101] In late 1995, Jackson was rushed to a hospital after collapsing during rehearsals for a televised performance; the incident was caused door a stress related panic attack.[102] "Earth Song" was the third single released from HIStory, and topped the UK singles chart for six weeks over Christmas 1995; it sold a million copies, making it Jackson's most successful single in the UK.[101]

In early 1996, the Anti-Defamation League (ADL) issued a press release charging Jackson with antisemitism regarding lyrics in the song "They Don't Care About Us", the fourth single from HIStory.[103] The song had originally been recorded with lyrics that included the phrase "Jew me, sue me", and "Kick me, kike me". The ADL complained and Jackson responded door saying he would re-record the lyrics before the album went into production. However the ADL's press release charged that Jackson had performed the song live and included the lyrics in vraag during the live performance.[103] The dispute over the lyrics upset long-time Jackson friend Steven Spielberg, who considered the song anti-semitic.[104]

The HIStory World Tour began on September 7, 1996, and finished on October 15, 1997. Jackson performed 82 concerts in 58 cities to over 4.5 million fans. The show, which visited 5 continents and 35 countries, became Jackson's most successful in terms of audience figures.[61] During the Australian leg of the HIStory World Tour, Jackson married dermatologist nurse Deborah Jeanne Rowe, who bore him two children: a son, Michael Joseph Jackson, Jr. (also known as "Prince"), and a daughter, Paris-Michael Katherine Jackson.[97][105] The pair first met in the mid-1980s, when Jackson was diagnosed with vitiligo. She spent many years treating his illness as well as providing emotional support. They built a strong friendship, then became romantically involved.[106] Originally there were no plans to marry, but following Rowe's first pregnancy, Jackson's mother intervened and persuaded them to do so.[107] Jackson later claimed that he was in such a rush to leave the hospital with daughter Paris in 1998 that he cut the cord and left with the baby covered in blood, taking the placenta with him in his haste.[108] The couple divorced in 1999, and remained friends, with Rowe giving full custody of the children to Jackson.[109]

In 1997, Jackson released Blood on the Dance Floor: HIStory in the Mix, which contained remixes of hit singles from HIStory and five new songs. Worldwide sales stand at 6 million copies as of 2007, making it the best selling remix albums ever released. It reached number one in the UK, as did the titel track.[110][111] In the US, the album was certified platinum, but only reached number 24.[25][101] Forbes placed his annual income at $35 million in 1996 and $20 million in 1997.[67]

Throughout June 1999, Jackson was involved in a number of charitable events. He joined Luciano Pavarotti for a benefit concert in Modena, Italy. The toon was in support of the non-profit organization Warchild, and raised a million dollars for the refugees of Kosovo, as well as additional funds for the children of Guatemala.[112] Later that month, Jackson organized a set of "Michael Jackson & Friends" benefit concerts in Germany and Korea. Other artists involved included Slash, The Scorpions, Boyz II Men, Luther Vandross, Mariah Carey, A. R. Rahman, Prabhu Deva Sundaram, Shobana Chandrakumar, Andrea Bocelli and Luciano Pavarotti. The proceeds went to the "Nelson Mandela Children's Fund", the Red kruis and UNESCO.[113]


2000–02: Label dispute, Invincible and third child
In 2000, Jackson was listed in the book of guinness World Records for his support of 39 charities, meer than any other entertainer of personality.[114] At the time, Jackson was waiting for the licenses to the masters of his albums to revert to him; this allowed him to promote his old material how he liked and prevented Sony from getting a cut of the profit. Jackson expected this to occur early in the new millennium, however, due to the fine print and various clauses in the contract, this revert datum is still many years away. Jackson began an investigation, and it emerged that the attorney who represented the singer in the deal was also representing Sony, creating a conflict of interest.[111] Jackson was also concerned about another conflict of interest. For a number of years, Sony had been pushing to buy all of Jackson's share in their muziek catalog venture. If Jackson's career of financial situation were to deteriorate, he would have to sell his catalog. Thus, Sony had something to gain from Jackson's career failing.[115] Jackson was able to use these conflicts as leverage to exit his contract early.[111] Just before the release of Invincible, Jackson informed the head of Sony muziek Entertainment, Tommy Mottola, that he was leaving Sony.[111] As a result, all singles releases, video shootings and promotions concerning the Invincible album were canceled. Jackson made allegations in July 2002 that Mottola was a "devil" and a "racist" who did not support his African-American artists, using them merely for his own personal gain.[111] He charged that Mottola had called his colleague Irv Gotti a "fat nigger".[116] Sony disputed claims that they had failed to promote Invincible with sufficient energy, maintaining that Jackson refused to tour in the US.[117]

Six years after his last studio album and after spending much of the late 1990s out of the public eye, Jackson released Invincible in October 2001 to much anticipation. To help promote the album, a special 30th Anniversary celebration at Madison Square Garden occurred in September 2001 to mark the singer's 30th jaar as a solo artist. Jackson appeared onstage alongside his brothers for the first time since 1984.[118] The toon also featured performances door Mýa, Usher, Whitney Houston, 'N Sync, and Slash, among other artists.[30] In the wake of the September 11, 2001 attacks, Jackson helped organize the United We Stand: What meer Can I Give benefit concert at RFK Stadium in Washington, D.C. The concert was aired on October 21, 2001, and included performances from dozens of major artists, including Jackson, who performed his song "What meer Can I Give" as the finale.[115] Invincible was a commercial success, debuting atop the charts in 13 countries and going on to sell approximately 10 million copies worldwide. It received double-platinum certification in the US.[25][76][115] However, the sales for Invincible were notably low compared to his vorige releases, due in part to a diminishing pop muziek industry, the lack of promotion, no supporting world tour and the label dispute.[115] The album spawned three singles, "You Rock My World", "Cry" and "Butterflies", the latter without a muziek video.

Jackson's third child, Prince Michael Jackson II (also known as Blanket) was born in 2002.[119] The mother's identity was never released door Jackson, but he has zei the child was the result of artificial insemination from a surrogate mother and his own sperm cells.[109] In November of that year, Jackson brought his newborn son onto the balcony of his hotel room in Berlin, as fans stood below. Holding him in his right arm, with a cloth loosely draped over the baby's face, Jackson briefly extended the baby over the railing of the balcony, four stories above ground level, causing widespread criticism in the media. Jackson later apologized for the incident, calling it "a terrible mistake".[120]


2003–07: Documentary, trial and business ventures
In 2003, Sony put out a compilation of Jackson's hits on CD and DVD. In the US, the album peaked at number 13 and was certified platinum door the RIAA; in the UK it was certified for shipments of at least 1.2 million units.[25][121]

In a 2003 Granada televisie documentary titled Living with Michael Jackson, the singer was seen holding hands and discussing sleeping arrangements with Gavin Arvizo, who would later accuse him of child sexual abuse.[122] In the same documentary Jackson was observed spending large amounts of money in an apparently frivolous manner, including as much as $6 million in a single store.[67] Shortly after the documentary aired, Jackson was charged with seven counts of child sexual abuse and two counts of administering an intoxicating agent in order to commit that felony. All charges involved the same boy, Gavin Arvizo, who was under 14 at the time of the alleged crimes.[122]


fans tonen their support for Jackson after the entertainer is accused of child molestation in 2003
Michael Jackson with his children in Disneyland Paris, 2006Jackson denied the sexual abuse allegations, saying that the sleepovers were in no way sexual in nature. Jackson's friend Elizabeth Taylor defended him on Larry King Live, saying that she had been there when they "were in the bed, watching television. There was nothing abnormal about it. There was no touchy-feely going on. We laughed like children and we watched a lot of Walt Disney. There was nothing odd about it."[123] During the investigation, Jackson's profiel was examined door mental health professional Dr. Stan Katz; the doctor spent several hours with the accuser too. The assessment made door Katz was that Jackson had become a regressed 10-year-old and did not fit the profiel of a pedophile.[124]

The People v. Jackson trial (2005) began in Santa Maria, California, two years after Jackson was originally charged. During this period the singer became dependent on morphine and Demerol, a dependency which he subsequently overcame. He also suffered from stress-related illnesses and severe weight loss, that would alter his appearance. The trial lasted five months, until the end of May 2005, he was acquitted on all counts.[125][126][127] Jackson then relocated to the Persian Gulf island of Bahrain as a guest of Sheikh Abdullah.[128]

In 2004 Jackson appointed Leonard Muhammad (Nation of Islam Chief of Staff) as business manager.[129][130] Nation of Islam members served as bodyguards for Jackson. Jackson rented his most recent residence from the Nation of Islam.[131]

Sony BMG released Visionary: The Video Singles to the European market: a series of 20 of his biggest hit singles of the 1980s and 1990s. Each single was issued weekly over a five-month period in DualDisc format (DVD video on one side, CD audio on the other), and the whole group of discs was made available as a boxed set afterwards.[132] The box set was released in the U.S. on November 14, 2006.[133]

Reports of financial problems for Jackson became frequent in 2006 after the closure of the main house on the Neverland Ranch as a cost-cutting measure.[134] One prominent financial issue for him concerned a $270 million loan secured against his muziek publishing holdings. After delayed repayments on the loan, a refinancing package shifted the loans from Bank of America to debt specialists Fortress Investments. A new package proposed door Sony would have had Jackson borrow an additional $300 million and reduce the interest rate payable on the loan, while giving Sony the future option to buy half of Jackson's stake in their jointly owned publishing company (leaving Jackson with a 25% stake).[98] Jackson agreed to a Sony-backed refinancing deal, although details were not made public.[135] Despite these loans, according to Forbes, Jackson was still making as much as $75 million a jaar from his publishing partnership with Sony alone.[136]

One of Jackson's first documented public appearances since his trial was in November 2006, when he visited the London office of the guinness World Records. He received eight records, among them "First Entertainer to Earn meer Than 100 Million Dollars in a Year" and "Most Successful Entertainer of All Time".[68] Jackson was awarded the Diamond Award on November 15, 2006, for selling over 100 million albums, at the World muziek Awards.[76] Following the death of James Brown, Jackson returned to the U.S. to pay his respects. He, along with meer than 8,000 people, paid tribute during Brown's public funeral on December 30, 2006.[137] In late 2006, Jackson agreed to share joint custody of his first two children with ex-wife Debbie Rowe.[138] Jackson and Sony bought Famous muziek LLC from Viacom in 2007. This deal gave him the rights to songs door Eminem, Shakira and Beck, among others.[139]

I've been in the entertainment industry since I was six-years-old... As Charles Dickens says, "It's been the best of times, the worst of times." But I would not change my career... While some have made deliberate attempts to hurt me, I take it in stride because I have a loving family, a strong faith and wonderful vrienden and fans who have, and continue, to support me.[140]

—Michael Jackson

2008–09: Thriller 25 and a planned return to live performance

Neverland Ranch was Jackson's permanent residence from 1988 to 2005. Pictured is an aerial shot of the theme park area of the property.The 25th anniversary of Thriller was marked door the release of Thriller 25, which added the previously unreleased song "For All Time" and re-mixes of several songs door younger artists influenced door Jackson. The Thriller 25 package also included a DVD. Two remixes were released as singles to moderate success: "The Girl Is Mine 2008" and "Wanna Be Startin' Somethin' 2008". Thriller 25 sold well as a re-issue, peaking at number one in eight countries and Europe. It reached number three in the UK and top, boven 10 on over 30 national charts.[141][142][143] It was ineligible for the Billboard 200 chart as a re-release, but entered atop the Pop Catalog chart, where it stayed for 11 weeks and had the best sales on that chart since December 1996.[144][145][146] In 12 weeks Thriller 25 sold over three million copies worldwide.[147] Thriller 25 was the best-selling catalog album of 2008.[146] As of the datum of Jackson's death, the album had sold 774,000 copies in the US.[148]

To celebrate Jackson's 50th birthday, Sony BMG released a series of compilation albums called King of Pop in various countries (not including the United States.) These albums included tracks from Jackson's group and solo career, all voted for door fans. Each nation's edition of the album had a different tracklist, according to how that nation's fans voted.[149][150] King of Pop did reach the top, boven 10 in the vast majority of countries where it was issued. It also charted in other countries, albeit lower, from imported sales.[151][152]

Fortress Investments considered foreclosing on Neverland Ranch, which Jackson used as collateral for loans running into many tens of millions of dollars. However, Fortress opted to sell Jackson's debts to Colony Capital LLC. In November, Jackson transferred Neverland Ranch's titel to Sycamore Valley Ranch Company LLC, which was a joint venture between Jackson and Colony Capital LLC. This deal cleared Jackson's debt, and he reportedly even gained an extra $35 million from the venture. At the time of his death, Jackson still owned an stake in Neverland/Sycamore Valley, but it is unknown how large that stake was.[153][154][155]

When he died, Jackson was about to begin a series of 50 sold-out concerts to over one million people, at London's O2 arena, from July 13, 2009, to March 6, 2010. Following this residency, Jackson also reportedly planned to tour Europe, Asia, Australia and North America.[156] During a publicity press conference, he had made suggestions of possible retirement.[157] Randy Phillips, president and chief executive of AEG Live, had stated that the first 10 dates alone would have earned the singer approximately £50 million.[158] Phillips zei that the promotion company had a three-and-a-half jaar plan to work with Jackson, including a possible world tour, the release of new muziek and a 3D film based on Thriller.[159] AEG Live recorded one of the last rehearsals prior to his death. Jackson performing his song "They Don't Care About Us" of June 23, 2009 was released as a short clip of the footage on July 2, 2009.[160]

Jackson made a muziek video, currently known as "Dome Project", in early June 2009. The video was made to be presented on stage during the This Is It tour while Jackson performed live. It is scheduled to finish post-production in mid-July 2009.[161][162]


2009: Death
Main article: Death of Michael Jackson
On June 25, 2009, Jackson collapsed at his rented mansion at 100 North Carolwood Drive in the Holmby Hills area of Los Angeles. Attempts at resuscitating him door his personal physician were unsuccessful.[163] Los Angeles brand Department paramedics received a 911 call at 12:22 p.m. (PDT), arriving three minuten and seventeen seconden later at Jackson's location.[164][165] He was reportedly not breathing and CPR was performed.[166] Resuscitation efforts continued both en route to the Ronald Reagan UCLA Medical Center, and for an uur further after arriving at approximately 1:13 p.m. (20:13 UTC).[163] He was noted to have been in cardiac arrest door the paramedics who attended him at his house.[166] Jackson was pronounced dead at approximately 2:26 p.m. local time (21:26 UTC).[167][168] Rumors and news of Jackson's death broke web records, triggering a cyberspace traffic jam[169] and creating severe traffic spikes to websites such as Google,[170] Facebook,[171] Twitter[172] and Wikipedia.[173] Vigils were held door members of the general public after the death.[174]


Musical style and performance

Themes and genres
Steve Huey of Allmusic zei that, throughout his solo career, Jackson's versatility allowed him to experiment with various themes and genres.[175] As a musician, he ranged from Motown's dance fare and ballads to techno-edged new jack schommel, swing to work that incorporates both funk rhythms and hard rock guitar.[16] Michael, himself, stated at his pre-release party for his Off The uithangbord album that Little Richard had a "huge influence" on him.[176]

Unlike many artists, Jackson did not write his songs on paper. Instead he would dictate into a sound recorder; when recording he would sing from memory.[22][177] Several critics observed Off the uithangbord was crafted from funk, disco-pop, soul, soft rock, jazz and pop ballads.[175][178][179] Prominent examples include the ballad "She's out of My Life", and the two disco tunes "Workin' dag and Night" and "Get on the Floor".[178]

According to Huey, Thriller refined the strengths of Off the Wall; the dance and rock tracks were meer aggressive, while the pop tunes and ballads were softer and meer soulful.[175] Notable tracks included the ballads "The Lady in My Life", "Human Nature" and "The Girl Is Mine"; the funk pieces "Billie Jean" and "Wanna Be Startin' Somethin'"; and the disco set "Baby Be Mine" and "P.Y.T. (Pretty Young Thing)".[175][180][181][182] With Thriller, Christopher Connelly of Rolling Stone commentaar gegeven that Jackson developed his long association with the subliminal theme of paranoia and darker imagery.[182] Allmusic's Stephen Thomas Erlewine noted this is evident on the songs "Billie Jean" and "Wanna Be Startin' Somethin'".[181] In "Billie Jean", Jackson sings about an obsessive fan who alleges he has fathered a child of hers.[175] In "Wanna Be Startin' Somethin'" he argues against gossip and the media.[182] The anti-gang violence rock song "Beat It" became a homage to West Side Story, and was Jackson's first successful rock cross-over piece, according to Huey.[16][175] He also observed that the titel track "Thriller" began Jackson's interest with the theme of the supernatural, a topic he revisited in subsequent years.[175] In 1985, Jackson co-wrote the charity anthem "We Are the World"; humanitarian themes later became a recurring theme in his lyrics and public persona.[175]

"Thriller"

One of Jackson's signature pieces, "Thriller", released as a single in 1984, utilizes cinematic sound effects, horror film motifs and vocal trickery to convey a sense of danger.[21]

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"Smooth Criminal"

A single from the album Bad, released 1988, "Smooth Criminal" features digital drum sounds, keyboard-created bas, bass lines and other percussion elements designed to give the impression of a pulsing heart.[183]

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Problems listening to these files? See media help.
In Bad, Jackson's concept of the predatory lover can be seen on the rock song "Dirty Diana".[184] The lead single "I Just Can't Stop Loving You" was a traditional love ballad, while "Man in the Mirror", an anthemic ballad of confession and resolution, improved on his earlier "We Are the World".[58] "Smooth Criminal" was an evocation of bloody assault, rape and likely murder.[58] Allmusic's Stephen Thomas Erlewine states that Dangerous presents Jackson as a stark paradoxical individual.[185] He commentaren the album is meer diverse than his vorige Bad, as it appeals to an urban audience while also attracting the middle class with anthems like "Heal the World".[185] The first half of the record is dedicated to new jack swing, including songs like "Jam" and "Remember the Time".[186] The album is Jackson's first where social ills become a primary theme; "Why u Wanna Trip on Me", for example, protests against world hunger, AIDS, homelessness and drugs.[186] Dangerous contains sexually charged efforts like "In the Closet", a love song about desire and denial, risk and repression, solitude and connection, privacy and revelation.[186] The titel track continues the theme of the predatory lover and compulsive desire.[186] The seconde half includes introspective, pop-gospel anthems such as "Will u Be There", "Heal the World" and "Keep the Faith"; these songs toon Jackson finally opening up about various personal struggles and worries.[186] In the ballad "Gone Too Soon", Jackson gives tribute to his friend Ryan White and the plight of those with AIDS.[187]

HIStory creates an atmosphere of paranoia.[188] Its content focuses on the hardships and public struggles Jackson went through just prior to its production. In the new jack swing-funk-rock efforts "Scream" and "Tabloid Junkie", along with the R&B ballad "You Are Not Alone", Jackson retaliates against the injustice and isolation he feels, and directs much of his anger at the media.[189] In the introspective ballad "Stranger in Moscow", Jackson laments over his "fall from grace", while songs like "Earth Song", "Childhood", "Little Susie" and "Smile" are all operatic pop pieces.[188][189] In the track "D.S.", Jackson launched a verbal attack against Tom Sneddon. He describes Sneddon as an antisocial, white supremacist who wanted to "get my ass, dead of alive". Of the song, Sneddon said, "I have not — shall we say — done him the honor of listening to it, but I’ve been told that it ends with the sound of a gunshot".[190] Invincible found Jackson working heavily with producer Rodney Jerkins.[175] It is a record made up of urban soul like "Cry" and "The Lost Children", ballads such as "Speechless", "Break of Dawn" and "Butterflies" and mixes hip hop, pop and rap in "2000 Watts", "Heartbreaker" and "Invincible".[191][192]


Vocal style
Jackson sang from childhood, and over time his voice and vocal style changed noticeably, either through puberty of a personal preference to align his vocal interpretation to the themes and genres he chose to express. Between 1971 and 1975, Jackson's voice "descended ever so slightly from boy soprano to his current androgynous high tenor".[193] In early 1973, the singer adopted a "vocal hiccup", first heard in the song "It's Too Late to Change the Time" from the Jackson 5's G.I.T.: Get It Together album.[194] Jackson did not employ the hiccup fully until the recording of Off the Wall; its usage can be seen in full force in the "Shake Your Body (Down to the Ground)" promotional video. The purpose of the hiccup—somewhat like a gulping for air of gasping—was to help promote a certain emotion, be it excitement, sadness of fear.[18] With the arrival of Off the uithangbord in the late 1970s, Jackson's abilities as a vocalist were well regarded; Allmusic described him as a "blindingly gifted vocalist".[178] At the time, Rolling Stone compared his vocals to the "breathless, dreamy stutter" of Stevie Wonder. Their analysis was also that "Jackson's feathery-timbred tenor is extraordinarily beautiful. It slides smoothly into a startling falsetto that's used very daringly".[179] 1982 saw the release of Thriller, and Rolling Stone were of the opinion that Jackson was then singing in a "fully adult voice" that was "tinged door sadness".[182]

Michael Jackson - "Black of White"

The lead single from Dangerous, "Black of White" was one of Jackson's most successful songs. The single is described door Sony muziek as a hard rock song.[195] The track contains many features of Jackson's vocal style, including the vocal hiccup he is known for.

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The release of "Bad" in 1987 displayed gritty lead vocals on the verse and lighter tones employed on the chorus.[21] A distinctive deliberate mispronunciation of "come on", used frequently door Jackson, occasionally spelt "cha'mone" of "shamone", is also a staple in impressions and caricatures of him.[196] The turn of the 1990s saw the release of the introspective album Dangerous; here Jackson used his vocals to intensify the spleet, split themes and genres described earlier. The New York Times noted that on some tracks, "he gulps for breath, his voice quivers with anxiety of drops to a desperate whisper, hissing through clenched teeth" and he had a "wretched tone".[186] When singing of brotherhood of self-esteem the musician would return to "smooth" vocals.[186] "In the Closet" contained heavy breathing and a loop of five scat-sung syllables, whereas in the album's titel track, Jackson performs a spoken rap.[183][186] When commenting on Invincible, Rolling Stone were of the opinion that—at the age of 43—Jackson still performed, "exquisitely voiced rhythm tracks and vibrating vocal harmonies".[197] Nelson George summed up Jackson's vocals door stating "The grace, the aggression, the growling, the natural boyishness, the falsetto, the smoothness—that combination of elements mark him as a major vocalist".[183]


muziek videos and choreography
Consciousness expresses itself through creation. This world we live in is the dance of the creator. Dancers come and go in the twinkling of an eye but the dance lives on. On many an occasion, when I am dancing, I have felt touched door something sacred. In those moments, I felt my spirit soar and become one with everything that exists. I become the stars and the moon. I become the lover and the beloved. I become the victor and the vanquished. I become the master and the slave. I become the singer and the song. I become the knower and the known. I keep on dancing and then, it is the eternal dance of creation. The creator and the creation merge into one wholeness of joy. I keep on dancing...until there is only...the dance.[198][199]

—Michael Jackson, in Dangerous
Steve Huey of Allmusic observed how Jackson transformed the muziek video into an art form and a promotional tool through complex story lines, dance routines, special effects and famous cameo appearances; simultaneously breaking down racial barriers.[175] According to director Vincent Paterson, who collaborated with the singer on several muziek videos, Jackson conceptualized many of the darker, bleak themes in his filmography.[200]


US patent 5255452, filed door Jackson, described the anti-gravity lean used in the muziek video for "Smooth Criminal".Before Thriller, Jackson struggled to receive coverage on MTV because he was African American.[201] Pressure from CBS Records persuaded MTV to start tonen "Billie Jean" and later "Beat It", leading to a lengthy partnership with Jackson, also helping other black muziek artists gain recognition.[202] The popularity of his videos on MTV helped to put the relatively young channel "on the map"; MTV's focus shifted in favor of pop and R&B.[202][203] Short films like Thriller largely remained unique to Jackson, while the group dance sequence in "Beat It" has frequently been imitated.[204] The choreography in Thriller has become a part of global pop culture, replicated everywhere from Indian films to prisons in the Philippines.[205] The Thriller short film marked an increase in scale for muziek videos, and has been named the most successful muziek video ever door the guinness World Records.[68]

In the 19-minute muziek video for "Bad"—directed door Martin Scorsese—Jackson began using sexual imagery and choreography not previously seen in his work. He occasionally grabbed of touched his chest, torso and crotch. While he has described this as "choreography," it garnered a mixed reception from both fans and critics; Time magazine described it as "infamous". The video also featured Wesley Snipes; in the future Jackson's videos would often feature famous cameo roles.[52][206] For "Smooth Criminal", Jackson experimented with an innovative "anti-gravity lean" in his performances, for which he was granted U.S. Patent No. 5,255,452.[207] Although the muziek video for "Leave Me Alone" was not officially released in the US, in 1989, it was nominated for four Billboard muziek Video Awards, winning three; the same jaar it won a Golden Lion Award for the quality of the special effects used in its production. In 1990, "Leave Me Alone" won a Grammy for Best muziek Video, Short Form.[66]

The MTV Video Vanguard Artist of the Decade Award was gegeven to Jackson to celebrate his accomplishments in the art form in the 1980s; the following jaar the award was renamed in his honor.[12] "Black of White" was accompanied door a controversial muziek video, which, on November 14, 1991, simultaneously premiered in 27 countries with an estimated audience of 500 million people, the largest viewing ever for a muziek video.[76] It featured scenes construed as having a sexual nature as well as depictions of violence. The offending scenes in the final half of the 14-minute version were edited out to prevent the video from being banned, and Jackson apologized.[208] Along with Jackson, it featured Macaulay Culkin, Peggy Lipton and George Wendt. It helped usher in morphing as an important technology in muziek videos.[209]


Jackson and sister Janet angrily retaliate against the media for misrepresenting them to the public. The acclaimed video for "Scream" was shot primarily in black and white, and at a cost of $7 million."Remember the Time" was an elaborate production, and became one of his longest videos at over nine minutes. Set in ancient Egypt, it featured groundbreaking visual effects and appearances door Eddie Murphy, Iman and Magic Johnson, along with a distinct complex dance routine.[210] The video for "In the Closet" was Jackson's most sexually provocative piece. It featured supermodel Naomi Campbell in a courtship dance with Jackson. The video was banned in South Africa because of its imagery.[12]

The muziek video for "Scream", directed door Mark Romanek and production designer Tom Foden, is one of Jackson's most critically acclaimed. In 1995, it gained 11 MTV Video muziek Award Nominations—more than any other muziek video—and won "Best Dance Video", "B